To Find Out the Causes of Extraction of Teeth in the Patients Coming to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Kantipur Dental College Teaching Hospital and Research Center from January 2014 to December 2018

1. Abstract

Objective: The main objective of this study is to find out the reasons for the extraction of the teeth on patients visiting to the Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery at Kantipur Dental College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre from 2014 January 1stto 2018 December 31st. MaterialsandMethods: Thepatientscametothedepartmentoforaland maxillofacialsur- gery department during the year 2014 January to 2018 December for the extractions were retrospectively analyzed for age, sex and the reasons for the extractions were found out. Results: 18720 extractions were performed in18720patients. Here we selected the patients who went only single tooth extraction, so the extraction number of tooth and patient number are same. Anagerangeof10 to 110 yearsofpatients wereincluded.Inpatients.Dentalcaries(20%) seem to be the most common cause in case of males and wisdom tooth(19%) is the most commonlyextracted toothincase offemales seeninour study. RCT failure(0.76%) istheleastcom- mon cause for extraction in case of males and cystic lesion(0.84%) is the least common causefor extraction in case of females. Range of 18-110 years with a mean (±standard deviation) of 34.8 (13.3) was observed. Most of the patients were in the 21-30 years age group accounting for 35.7% of cases. The difference in propor-tions of reasons for tooth extraction between the gender was statistically significant (P = 0.02; df = 24). The difference in the reasons for extraction among the age groups wasstatistically significant (P < 0.001; df = 132). Conclusion: Dental caries and wisdom teeth extraction is the most common cause for the extraction of teeth in the patients coming at the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery in Kantupur dental college teaching hospital and research center. Dental caries is the preventable disease, hence there is need of more awareness programmes for preventing the disease and even simple fillings only can save the teeth in large scale. Periodontal diseases also can be prevented or cured so that we can save the teeth of the patients. Most of the people have low income, so they want to go for extraction instead of saving them.

2.Keywords

Laparoscopicve ntralhernia; Reverse TEP

3. Introduction

Nepal being the developing country, we find most of the people going dental extraction even the teeth can be saved. Tooth extraction is the most common surgical procedure performed inthe oral and maxillofacial surgerydepartment. Extraction seems to be simple procedure but it has significant impact inquality of life in individual‟s life. Quality of general health and psychological consequences is totally hampered after extraction of tooth [2,3]. Globally, tooth loss has become a global public health concern [3,4]. Inspite of being preventable, dental caries has become the most common cause for extractions of teeth [5,6]. Similarly in our study too dental caries is the common cause for extraction of teeth and wisdom teeth being the second cause where as in other studies periodontal cause being the second cause for the extrac-tion of tooth. Oral hygiene status of the patients, education level, socioeconom-ic status and individual quality of life always determines the ex-traction of tooth [3,5,7]. Not only has this, in today‟s world eating patter of population had much bad impact in oral hygiene which also have great role in extractions [8,9]. Different kinds of oral diseases and etiological factors exhibit inter-and intra-regional variations [10]. Very few studies are found about extraction in our country and this seems to be the first entity to the best of our knowledge (Table 1).

3. MaterialsandMethods

With the permission from Hospital and through consent of patients we collected the records of patients, who had undergone extractions of teeth at the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery in Kantipur Dental College Teaching Hospital and Research Center between January 2014 and December 31st2018 were retrieved. It is purely Dental college with 100 bedded medi-cal unit. It is located in central part of city where patients come from all over the country. Patients aged 10years to 110 years were included who went extraction of only one tooth at that time. Patient‟s age, gender, year ofpresentation,presentingcomplaint,typeoftoothandreason for extraction were documented. Reasonsforextractionoftoothwereclassified intothe following categories: 1. Caries 2. Wisdomtooth(pericorinitis) 3. Orthodonticpurpose 4. Patient‟srequest 5. Preprostheticpurpose 6. Supernumerary 7. Aesthetic 8. Periodontaldisease 9. Cysticlesions 10.Trauma

4. Discussion

Toothextractionisoneofthemostfrequentlyperformedproceduresinthe departmentoforalandmaxillofacial surgery department[14].Toothlossmayaffectthequalityoflifeanditisan important marker of oral hygiene and it may predict other condi-tions such as cardiovascular events and poor cognitive function [15]. Moreover, it may be an indication of patients‟ disposition and access to oral care [3,4]. There was a slight female predominance, which is in agreement with other studies [1,4], but in discordance with the report by Byahatti and Ingafou[16].The slight female predominance maybe due to the better health-seeking behavior of females compared to their male counterparts [17,18]. A comparison of the mean age of the patients displayed no statistically significant difference for sex. Majority of the patients were in the third decade of life in case of males and 4th decade of life in case of females, which contrasts with the report of Chrysanthakopoulos and Vlassi, who reportedthe fourth decade of life as the model decade of presentation in a study conducted in Greece [19]. However, it is in agreement with the report of Saheeb and Sede [1]. This may suggest geographical variations in the pattern of presentation among patients having dental extractions. Comparable to some previous studies, mandibular teeth were more often extracted than maxillary teeth although other studies observed that maxillary teeth were more often extracted [3,20,21,22]. The propensity of food and plaque accumulationto occur more around the mandibular teeth, thus increasing susceptibility to caries formation, may be responsible for this observation [23]. In our study we didn‟t compared between maxillary and mandibular teeth extraction. DCS were the reasons for extraction in a little over half of the extractions done. This is in sharp contrast with earlier reports by other Nigerian authors, where caries and its sequelae were the reasons for extraction in an overwhelming majority of extrac-tions done. On the other hand, it is similar to the account of Lesolang et al [24] and Byahatti and Ingafou [16], who reported caries and its sequelae as the reasons for extraction in 47.9%and 55.9% of extractions done, respectively. Indeed, caries and its sequelae were the most common reasons for extraction observed in all age groups < 60 years of age. The mostfrequentlyextractedteethduetocariesanditssequelaewerethe molars, withthelowerleftfirstmolarbeingthe mostcommonly extracted tooth. Treatment preference for carious tooth is often extraction rather than con-servation, especially where among patients of low socioeconomic status [25,26].

5. Conclusion

DCS were the major reasons for tooth mortality in this study, especiallyamongpatientsinthe thirdandfourthdecadesoflife. This highlights the importance of dental caries in public health. To stem this trend, we recommend urgent inclusion of oral healthcare in the existing primary healthcare system of our region, improved accessibility of oral healthcare facilities bydeploying mobile dental facilities, intensification of oral healthcare awareness campaigns, increased recruitment of dental experts, and fluoridation of community water supply. Furthermore, a researchdesigned to explore the reasons for late presentation among dental patients should be instituted. Nepal being the poorest countryin the world, people here prefer to go for extrac-tion even that can be safe. Due to low income even teeth that can be restored, patients they don‟t want to save

References

1. Saheeb BD, Sede MA. Reasons and pattern of tooth mortality in a Ni-gerianUrbanteachinghospital.AnnAfrMed.2013;12:110 -4.

2. Jafarian M, Etebarian A. Reasons for extraction of permanent teeth in general dental practices in Tehran, Iran. Med Princ Pract. 2013; 22: 239 - 44.

3. Taiwo OA, Sulaiman AO, Obileye MF, Akinshipo A, Uwumwonse AO,SoremiOO.Patternsandreasonsforchildhoodtoothextractionin NorthwestNigeria.JPediatrDent.2014;2:83.

4. Alesia K, Khalil HS. Reasons for and patterns relating to the extraction of permanent teeth in a subset of the Saudi population. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2013; 5: 51 - 6.

5. DixitLP,GurungCK,Gurung N,JoshiN.Reasons underlyingthe extraction of permanent teeth in patients attending Peoples Dental College and Hospital. Nepal Med Coll J. 2010; 12: 203 - 6.

6. Kashif M, Mehmood K, Ayub T, Aslam M. Reasons and patterns of tooth extraction in a tertiary care hospital-A cross sectionalprospective survey. LiaquatUni Med Health Sci. 2014; 13: 125 - 9.

7. LaTorre G,Romeo U,IarocciG, BrugnolettiO,Semyonov L,Galana- kis A, et al. Socio-demographic inequalities and teeth extraction in thelast 12 months in Italy. Ann Stomatol (Roma) 2015; 5: 131 - 5.

8. Luan WM, Baelum V, Chen X, Fejerskov O. Tooth mortality andpros-thetic treatment patterns in urban and rural Chinese aged 20- 80 years. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1989; 17: 221 - 6.

9. VarenneB, PetersenPE,OuattaraS.Oralhealthbehaviourof children and adults in urban and rural areas of Burkina Faso, Africa.Int Dent J. 2006; 56: 61 - 70.

10. Odai CD, Azodo CC, Ezeja EB, Obuekwe ON. Reasons for exodontia in rural Nigerian children. Odontostomatol Trop. 2010; 33: 19 - 24.

11. Mberu BU, Reed HE. Understanding subgroup fertility differentials in Nigeria. Popul Rev. 2014; 53: 23 - 46.

12. Adebowale SA, Fagbamigbe FA, Okareh TO, Lawal GO. Survivalanalysis of timing of first marriage among women of reproductive age in Nigeria: Regional differences. Afr J Reprod Health. 2012; 16: 95 - 107.

13. Adebowale AS, Yusuf BO, Fagbamigbe AF. Survival probability and predictors for woman experience childhood death in Nigeria: “Analysis of North-South differentials” BMC Public Health. 2012; 12: 430.

14. Anyanechi C, Chukwuneke F. Survey of the reasons for dental extractioninEasternNigeria.AnnMedHealthSciRes.2012;2:129 -33.

15. ParkH,SukSH,CheongJS,LeeHS,ChangH,DoSY,etal. Tooth loss may predict poor cognitive function in community- dwelling adults without dementia or stroke: The PRESENT project. J Korean Med Sci. 2013; 28: 1518 - 21.

16. Byahatti SM, Ingafou MS. Reasons for extraction in a group of Liby-an patients. Int Dent J. 2011; 61: 199 - 203.

17. Oliver MI, Pearson N, Coe N, Gunnell D. Help-seeking behaviour in men and women with common mental health problems: Crosssectional study. Br J Psychiatry. 2005; 186: 297 - 301.

Citation:

Bikash D. To Find Out the Causes of Extraction of Teeth in the Patients Coming to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Kantipur Dental College Teaching Hospital and Research Center from January 2014 to December 2018. Annals of Clinical and Medical Case Reports 2019